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In one paddock this was sown with a tetraploid ryegrass, and in the other with tall fescue. Plantain continued to be established as part of a mixture. The farm continued to bring in lifted fodder beet and maize silage from the support block onto the milking platform. This increased cow numbers to 3.9 cows/ha.

Cull and carry-over cows were kept on the milking platform for longer to keep milking and make up for lower production earlier in the year.

N fertiliser use was increased from 261 to 298 kg N/ha (+16%) for the same reason.

The 2018/19 season was a poor growing year, so no silage was made and use of imported supplement increased from 907 to 1301 kg DM/cow (+43%).

The farm system in 2018/19 was similar to previous years: Increased imported supplement, increased N fertiliser use, continued to establish plantain as part of a mixed sward, and included tall fescue with the plantain mix. Peter Kinney talks about his winter grazed crops and what he’s considering before putting in catch crops “Farmers and the industry will benefit as this will provide robust on-farm information to guide the industry forward with the challenges of nutrients and irrigation.” Video How will farmers and the industry benefit? " We think it is important because we believe in our low cost pastoral system is the future for NZ farming."

“The programme helped us analyse our system and helped us benchmark against other farms.” “I joined the programme to help the dairy industry and other farming systems moving forward.” Why did you decide to join the programme? Support block: 220 ha (growing fodder beet, kale, lucerne, maize and pasture).Supplements fed: 3-5 t DM/ha, including lifted fodder beet.Dominant soil: Balmoral stony silty loam, Pahau silty loam, Culverden silty loam.Area: 310 ha effective milking platform.This along with the increase in stock numbers would have contributed to the increase in estimated N leaching for the 2018/19 season.

A lot of this was used in autumn to feed some extra stock (culls and carry-overs) that was kept on the platform to milk for longer. In 2018/19 the purchased N surplus increased as a result of increased N fertiliser use and imported supplements. Purchased N surplus and N leaching was relatively static for the first four seasons, compared to the other monitor farms. Maintained fertiliser and supplement inputs, cow numbers and home-grown feed harvested.Continued to feed lifted fodder beet in autumn (a low-N feed).Included plantain and tall fescue in regrassing of some paddocks.Since being involved in the FRNL programme, the Kinneys have: The farm is in the Amuri Irrigation Scheme in the Hurunui catchment and does not need to reduce nitrogen (N) leaching. The farm has a 199 ha support block providing winter grazing and lucerne, barley, peas, and pasture are grown. At the start of the FRNL programme this was 95% irrigated, at a stocking rate of 3.8 cows/ha. January-March: Peter O’Reilly, unable to walk, continues to convalesce at home from injuries sustained in an April 1885 carriage accident.The dairy farm has an effective milking platform area of 310 ha. Peter O’Reilly’s 1886 Diary Transcription. If you wish to provide us with additional contextual information or have any corrections related to this transcription, please email with the subject line: Best guesses of words or phrases appearing in the text are enclosed in square brackets and not italicized, while functional comments about the text such as or are italicized. Please note: Square brackets are used to denote transcriptionist comments. The 1886 diary has also been microfilmed and is available on Mflm reel A01910. Researchers interested in this diary are advised to consult the original document housed at the Royal British Columbia Museum & Archives, found in MS-2894, the O’Reilly family fonds. Peter O’Reilly’s 1886 diary has been transcribed by volunteers and staff at Point Ellice House Museum & Gardens and is for informational purposes only. This makes it possible to search across the diary entries in addition to the transcribed letters. Individual pages of the diary are listed below.